Txij li thaum xyoo pua 20th, tib neeg tau nyiam tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw thiab nkag siab txog yam uas nyob dhau lub ntiaj teb. Cov koom haum loj xws li NASA thiab ESA tau nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw, thiab lwm tus neeg ua si tseem ceeb hauv kev kov yeej no yog 3D luam ntawv. Nrog lub peev xwm los tsim cov khoom nyuaj sai sai ntawm tus nqi qis, cov thev naus laus zis tsim no tau dhau los ua nrov hauv cov tuam txhab. Nws ua rau kev tsim ntau daim ntawv thov ua tau, xws li satellites, spacesuits, thiab cov khoom siv rocket. Qhov tseeb, raws li SmarTech, tus nqi lag luam ntawm kev lag luam chaw ntiag tug additive manufacturing yuav ncav cuag € 2.1 billion los ntawm 2026. Qhov no tsa cov lus nug: 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem pab tib neeg ua tau zoo hauv qhov chaw li cas?
Thaum xub thawj, 3D luam ntawv feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim qauv sai hauv kev kho mob, tsheb, thiab kev lag luam aerospace. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua dav dua, nws tau siv ntau dua rau cov khoom siv kawg. Cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom siv hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog L-PBF, tau tso cai rau kev tsim ntau yam hlau nrog cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ruaj khov uas haum rau qhov chaw siab heev. Lwm cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D, xws li DED, binder jetting, thiab extrusion txheej txheem, kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv aerospace. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov qauv lag luam tshiab tau tshwm sim, nrog rau cov tuam txhab xws li Made in Space thiab Relativity Space siv 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis los tsim cov khoom siv aerospace.
Relativity Space tsim 3D tshuab luam ntawv rau kev lag luam aerospace
3D printing technology hauv aerospace
Tam sim no peb tau qhia lawv lawm, cia peb saib ze dua ntawm ntau yam thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D siv hauv kev lag luam aerospace. Ua ntej, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev tsim khoom siv hlau ntxiv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog L-PBF, yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws hauv daim teb no. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam nrog kev siv lub zog laser los sib xyaw cov hmoov hlau txheej los ntawm txheej. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tsim cov khoom me me, nyuaj, meej, thiab kho kom haum. Cov chaw tsim khoom aerospace kuj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm DED, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tso cov hlau hlau lossis hmoov thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev kho, txheej, lossis tsim cov hlau lossis cov khoom siv ceramic.
Qhov sib txawv, kev siv cov binder jetting, txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ceev ceev thiab tus nqi qis, tsis haum rau kev tsim cov khoom siv kho tshuab ua haujlwm siab vim nws xav tau cov kauj ruam ua kom muaj zog tom qab ua tiav uas ua rau lub sijhawm tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom kawg nce ntxiv. Kev siv tshuab extrusion kuj tseem ua tau zoo hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua cov polymers tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv qhov chaw, tab sis cov yas ua haujlwm siab xws li PEEK tuaj yeem hloov qee qhov hlau vim lawv lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D no tseem tsis tau dav heev, tab sis nws tuaj yeem dhau los ua khoom muaj nqis rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) yog ib qho thev naus laus zis siv dav hauv 3D printing rau aerospace.
Lub Peev Xwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Chaw
Kev lag luam aerospace tau tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv tshiab los ntawm kev luam ntawv 3D, thiab muab cov kev xaiv tshiab uas yuav cuam tshuam kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias cov hlau xws li titanium, txhuas, thiab nickel-chromium alloys yeej ib txwm yog qhov tseem ceeb, ib yam khoom tshiab yuav sai sai no nyiag lub teeb pom kev zoo: lunar regolith. Lunar regolith yog ib txheej hmoov av npog lub hli, thiab ESA tau ua pov thawj txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog 3D luam ntawv. Advenit Makaya, tus kws tsim khoom loj ntawm ESA, piav qhia txog lunar regolith zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm silicon thiab lwm yam tshuaj xws li hlau, magnesium, txhuas, thiab oxygen. ESA tau koom tes nrog Lithoz los tsim cov khoom me me xws li cov ntsia hlau thiab cov iav siv cov lunar regolith uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li hmoov av tiag tiag ntawm lub hli.
Feem ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov lunar regolith siv cua sov, ua rau nws sib xws nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li SLS thiab cov hmoov sib txuas luam ntawv. ESA kuj tseem siv D-Shape thev naus laus zis nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov khoom khov kho los ntawm kev sib xyaw magnesium chloride nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiab sib xyaw nws nrog magnesium oxide pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv simulated. Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hli no yog nws qhov kev daws teeb meem luam tawm zoo dua, ua rau nws tsim cov khoom nrog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws. Qhov feature no yuav dhau los ua qhov cuab tam tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav dav ntawm ntau yam kev siv thiab kev tsim khoom rau lub hauv paus lunar yav tom ntej.
Lunar Regolith nyob txhua qhov chaw
Kuj tseem muaj Martian regolith, uas yog hais txog cov khoom siv hauv av uas pom muaj nyob rau ntawm Mars. Tam sim no, cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau cov khoom siv no, tab sis qhov no tsis tau tiv thaiv cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav nws lub peev xwm hauv qee qhov project aerospace. Cov kws tshawb fawb siv cov qauv simulated ntawm cov khoom siv no thiab sib xyaw nrog titanium alloy los tsim cov cuab yeej lossis cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws. Cov txiaj ntsig thawj zaug qhia tias cov khoom siv no yuav muab lub zog siab dua thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm xeb thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias ob qho khoom siv no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws, lunar regolith tseem yog cov khoom siv sim ntau tshaj plaws. Lwm qhov zoo yog tias cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem tsim tau ntawm qhov chaw yam tsis tas yuav thauj cov khoom siv raw los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, regolith yog qhov chaw khoom siv tsis kawg, pab tiv thaiv kev tsis txaus.
Cov kev siv tshuab luam ntawv 3D hauv kev lag luam aerospace
Cov kev siv tshuab luam ntawv 3D hauv kev lag luam aerospace tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb siv. Piv txwv li, laser hmoov txaj fusion (L-PBF) tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom luv luv, xws li cov cuab yeej siv lossis cov khoom seem hauv qhov chaw. Launcher, lub tuam txhab pib ua haujlwm hauv California, tau siv Velo3D's sapphire-metal 3D printing technology los txhim kho nws lub cav foob pob hluav taws E-2 kua. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tau siv los tsim lub turbine induction, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom nrawm thiab tsav LOX (kua oxygen) mus rau hauv chav sib txuas. Lub turbine thiab sensor tau luam tawm txhua tus siv tshuab luam ntawv 3D thiab tom qab ntawd sib sau ua ke. Cov khoom tshiab no muab lub foob pob hluav taws nrog cov kua dej ntau dua thiab lub zog ntau dua, ua rau nws yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cav.
Velo3D tau pab txhawb kev siv thev naus laus zis PBF hauv kev tsim lub cav foob pob hluav taws E-2.
Kev tsim khoom ntxiv muaj ntau daim ntawv thov, suav nrog kev tsim cov qauv me me thiab loj. Piv txwv li, cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D xws li Relativity Space's Stargate solution tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom loj xws li cov roj tank rocket thiab cov hniav propeller. Relativity Space tau ua pov thawj qhov no los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm Terran 1, lub foob pob hluav taws yuav luag tag nrho 3D-luam tawm, suav nrog lub tank roj ntau-meter ntev. Nws thawj zaug tso tawm rau lub Peb Hlis 23, 2023, tau qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv.
Cov thev naus laus zis luam tawm 3D raws li extrusion kuj tso cai rau kev tsim cov khoom siv siv cov khoom siv ua tau zoo xws li PEEK. Cov khoom ua los ntawm cov thermoplastic no twb tau sim hauv qhov chaw thiab tau muab tso rau ntawm Rashid rover ua ib feem ntawm UAE lub luag haujlwm lunar. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev sim no yog los ntsuas PEEK qhov kev tiv thaiv rau cov xwm txheej hnyav ntawm lub hli. Yog tias ua tiav, PEEK yuav tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom hlau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom hlau tawg lossis cov ntaub ntawv tsis tshua muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, PEEK cov khoom sib dua yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw.
Cov thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D tuaj yeem siv los tsim ntau yam khoom rau kev lag luam aerospace.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 3D luam ntawv hauv kev lag luam aerospace
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev luam ntawv 3D hauv kev lag luam aerospace suav nrog kev zoo nkauj kawg ntawm cov khoom piv rau cov txheej txheem tsim kho ib txwm muaj. Johannes Homa, CEO ntawm Austrian 3D printer chaw tsim khoom Lithoz, tau hais tias "cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau cov khoom sib dua." Vim yog kev ywj pheej tsim, cov khoom luam tawm 3D ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab xav tau cov peev txheej tsawg dua. Qhov no muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm kev tsim khoom ib feem. Relativity Space tau ua pov thawj tias kev tsim khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem txo qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom siv uas xav tau los tsim cov dav hlau. Rau lub foob pob hluav taws Terran 1, 100 qhov tau txuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis no muaj qhov zoo tseem ceeb hauv kev ceev ntawm kev tsim khoom, nrog rau lub foob pob hluav taws ua tiav hauv tsawg dua 60 hnub. Qhov sib piv, kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws siv cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj peev xwm siv sijhawm ntau xyoo.
Hais txog kev tswj cov peev txheej, kev luam ntawv 3D tuaj yeem txuag cov ntaub ntawv thiab, qee zaum, txawm tias tso cai rau kev siv cov khib nyiab rov qab. Thaum kawg, kev tsim khoom ntxiv yuav dhau los ua ib qho khoom muaj nqis rau kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov foob pob hluav taws. Lub hom phiaj yog kom siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos ntau tshaj plaws, xws li regolith, thiab txo qhov kev thauj mus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub dav hlau. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nqa tsuas yog lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D, uas tuaj yeem tsim txhua yam ntawm qhov chaw tom qab kev mus ncig.
Made in Space twb tau xa ib lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D mus rau qhov chaw rau kev sim.
Cov kev txwv ntawm 3D luam ntawv hauv qhov chaw
Txawm hais tias kev luam ntawv 3D muaj ntau yam zoo, cov thev naus laus zis tseem tshiab thiab muaj kev txwv. Advenit Makaya tau hais tias, "Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb nrog kev tsim khoom ntxiv hauv kev lag luam aerospace yog kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem thiab kev lees paub." Cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv chav kuaj thiab sim txhua qhov muaj zog, kev ntseeg siab, thiab microstructure ua ntej kev lees paub, ib qho txheej txheem hu ua kev sim tsis puas tsuaj (NDT). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm thiab kim, yog li lub hom phiaj kawg yog kom txo qhov xav tau rau cov kev xeem no. NASA nyuam qhuav tsim ib lub chaw los daws qhov teeb meem no, tsom mus rau kev lees paub sai ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tsim los ntawm kev tsim khoom ntxiv. Lub chaw tsom mus rau siv cov ntxaib digital los txhim kho cov qauv khoos phis tawj ntawm cov khoom, uas yuav pab cov engineers nkag siab zoo dua txog kev ua tau zoo thiab kev txwv ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog ntau npaum li cas lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus ua ntej tawg. Los ntawm kev ua li ntawd, lub chaw vam tias yuav pab txhawb kev siv 3D luam ntawv hauv kev lag luam aerospace, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv kev sib tw nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ib txwm muaj.
Cov khoom no tau dhau los ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntseeg siab thiab lub zog.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov txheej txheem txheeb xyuas txawv yog tias kev tsim khoom ua tiav hauv qhov chaw. ESA's Advenit Makaya piav qhia tias, "Muaj ib txoj kev uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv." Txoj kev no pab txiav txim siab seb cov khoom luam tawm twg tsim nyog thiab cov twg tsis tsim nyog. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ib lub kaw lus kho tus kheej rau cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D uas npaj rau qhov chaw thiab tab tom sim ntawm cov tshuab hlau. Lub kaw lus no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab hloov kho nws cov kev teeb tsa kom kho cov qhov tsis zoo hauv qhov chaw. Ob lub kaw lus no xav tias yuav txhim kho kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom luam tawm hauv qhov chaw.
Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias cov kev daws teeb meem luam ntawv 3D, NASA thiab ESA tau tsim cov qauv. Cov qauv no suav nrog ntau qhov kev sim los txiav txim siab qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom. Lawv xav txog cov txheej txheem sib xyaw hmoov txaj thiab hloov kho lawv rau lwm cov txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg ua si loj hauv kev lag luam khoom siv, xws li Arkema, BASF, Dupont, thiab Sabic, kuj muab qhov kev taug qab no.
Nyob hauv qhov chaw?
Nrog kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis luam ntawv 3D, peb tau pom ntau qhov project ua tiav hauv ntiaj teb uas siv cov thev naus laus zis no los tsim cov tsev. Qhov no ua rau peb xav tsis thoob tias cov txheej txheem no puas yuav siv tau yav tom ntej lossis yav tom ntej los tsim cov qauv nyob hauv qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias kev nyob hauv qhov chaw tam sim no tsis muaj tseeb, kev tsim tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm lub hli, tuaj yeem pab tau rau cov neeg caij nkoj hauv kev ua tiav cov haujlwm hauv qhov chaw. Lub hom phiaj ntawm European Space Agency (ESA) yog los tsim cov domes ntawm lub hli siv lub lunar regolith, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim phab ntsa lossis cib los tiv thaiv cov neeg caij nkoj los ntawm hluav taws xob. Raws li Advenit Makaya los ntawm ESA, lub lunar regolith yog tsim los ntawm kwv yees li 60% hlau thiab 40% oxygen thiab yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj vim tias nws tuaj yeem muab cov pa oxygen tsis kawg yog tias rho tawm ntawm cov khoom siv no.
NASA tau muab $ 57.2 lab nyiaj pab rau ICON rau kev tsim lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D rau kev tsim cov qauv ntawm lub hli thiab kuj tseem koom tes nrog lub tuam txhab los tsim ib qho chaw nyob Mars Dune Alpha. Lub hom phiaj yog los sim cov xwm txheej nyob ntawm Mars los ntawm kev muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb nyob hauv ib qho chaw nyob rau ib xyoos, ua piv txwv cov xwm txheej ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Liab. Cov kev siv zog no sawv cev rau cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qauv luam ntawv 3D ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hli thiab Mars, uas thaum kawg tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg nyob hauv qhov chaw.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej deb, cov tsev no yuav ua rau lub neej muaj sia nyob hauv qhov chaw.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Rau Hli-14-2023
